The noble gases, from the German word Edelgas, are a family of nonreactive monoatomic gases found on the far right of the periodic table. Noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, and the latest, ununoctium, with an atomic number of 118, only three atoms of which have been observed over the course of experiments running from 2002 - 2005. Helium, the most common noble gas, makes up about 1/4th of all atoms in the universe. Argon is the most common noble gas here on Earth, where it makes up 1% of our atmosphere. Helium is also available in substantial quantities from underground natural gas reserves.
In industry, noble gases are used as an inert atmosphere for processes where reactivity with air is a problem. The noble gas argon is often used in light bulbs, where it provides an inert atmosphere for the electrified tungsten filament. Noble gases are often a superior alternative to another gas used to provide a nonreactive atmosphere, hydrogen, because of their lack of flammability. Neon is used for lighting applications, and krypton is used for lasers.
The noble gas helium is among the most versatile, and is used in applications from blimps to cooling superconductors. Helium has the lowest boiling point of all the elements, at 4.22 Kelvins, or only a few degrees above absolute zero. Liquid helium is extremely cold and can be used as a coolant of last resort, when liquid nitrogen is insufficient. Let's also not forget that helium may be inhaled to make your voice squeaky.
Helium, along with neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, is an inert gas (also known as a noble gas) – that is, it does not normally react with other elements to form chemical compounds. Unlike most of these, however, helium is, at least for us, a very common gas. Chemicals come in either solid, liquid or gas. There is much monoatomic gas definition, one of them is noble gases. It is nonreactive and even one of the least reactive elements from all the chemical in the periodic table. There are six gases as noble gases. They are helium, neon, argon, oganesson, krypton, xenon, and radioactive radon.
The reason for the noble gases' extremely low reactivity is given by their full valence electron shells - their outer electron shells have all the electrons they can hold, making their electronegativity negligible - not in search of complementary electrons, they have little propensity for chemical bonding. However, xenon, krypton, and argon compounds can be formed under exotic conditions in a laboratory.
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The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table.
They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold.
Therefore, they rarely react with other elements since they are already stable.
Other characteristics of the noble gases are that they all conduct electricity, fluoresce, are odorless and colorless, and are used in many conditions when a stable element is needed to maintain a safe and constant environment.
This chemical series contains helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
The noble gases were previously referred to as inert gases, but this term is not strictly accurate because several of them do take part in chemical reactions.
Note: The above text is excerpted from the Wikipedia article 'Noble gas', which has been released under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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- RELATED TERMS
- Xenon
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